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The Weekly Show: Episode 49 - John 11

Join Tim and John as they study John Chapter 11.

Theme: https://uppbeat.io/t/northwestern/a-new-beginning

Transition Song: https://uppbeat.io/t/all-good-folks/aspire

Introduction to John 11

John 11 is a pivotal chapter in the Gospel of John, highlighting Jesus’ power over death and setting the stage for the events leading to His crucifixion. This chapter contains the seventh and final sign (miracle) in John’s Gospel—the raising of Lazarus from the dead—which serves as a foreshadowing of Jesus’ own resurrection.

Context and Background

By this time, Jesus had already performed many miracles and taught extensively about His identity as the Son of God.
The religious leaders were increasingly hostile toward Him, especially after His claims in John 10.
This chapter marks a turning point: after Jesus raises Lazarus, the Sanhedrin plots to kill Him (John 11:45-53).
Jesus' delay in coming to Bethany emphasizes His divine timing and the purpose behind His miracles—to glorify God.

Key Themes in John 11

Jesus as the Resurrection and the Life – Jesus declares His power over life and death, offering eternal life to those who believe in Him (John 11:25-26).
Faith and the Glory of God – The disciples, Mary, and Martha struggle with faith, but Jesus uses this moment to display God’s power and strengthen their belief.
Jesus’ Deep Compassion – The famous verse "Jesus wept" (John 11:35) shows His deep love and empathy for humanity.
Foreshadowing of Jesus’ Death and Resurrection – The raising of Lazarus serves as a sign pointing to Jesus’ own resurrection and victory over sin and death.

John 11 sets in motion the final events of Jesus’ ministry, leading directly to the Passion Week. It challenges believers to trust in Jesus’ power and timing, even when they do not fully understand His plan.

Key Theme One: The Death of Lazarus (John 11:1-16)

1. Lazarus' Illness and Jesus' Response (John 11:1-6)

Lazarus, Mary, and Martha: This family in Bethany was dear to Jesus. Mary, later known for anointing Jesus’ feet, and her sister Martha send word to Jesus that their brother Lazarus is sick.
Jesus’ Perspective on the Illness: Instead of rushing to heal Lazarus, Jesus states, “This illness does not lead to death. It is for the glory of God, so that the Son of God may be glorified through it” (John 11:4).
- Jesus sees this as an opportunity to reveal God’s glory and His own divine power.
- Though He loves this family deeply (John 11:5), He delays two days, showing that His actions are according to God’s perfect timing and not human urgency.

2. The Disciples’ Confusion (John 11:7-10)

After the delay, Jesus tells His disciples, “Let us go to Judea again.”
The disciples fear for Jesus’ safety, reminding Him that the Jewish leaders recently sought to kill Him (John 10:31, 39).
Jesus responds with an analogy about walking in the daylight (John 11:9-10), emphasizing that He must carry out His mission while there is still time—He is walking in the light of the Father’s will.

3. Jesus Reveals Lazarus' Death (John 11:11-16)

Jesus tells them, “Our friend Lazarus has fallen asleep, but I go to awaken him” (John 11:11).
- The disciples misunderstand, thinking Lazarus is literally sleeping and will recover on his own.
- Jesus then plainly states, “Lazarus has died” (John 11:14).
Purpose in Delaying: Jesus explains, “For your sake, I am glad that I was not there, so that you may believe” (John 11:15).
- His delay was intentional—to strengthen the disciples’ faith through an even greater miracle.
Thomas’ Bold Statement: Thomas, also called Didymus, declares, “Let us also go, that we may die with him” (John 11:16).
- This reveals the growing tension surrounding Jesus’ ministry and the disciples' increasing willingness to follow Him, even into danger.

Key Takeaways

God’s Timing Is Perfect – Jesus delays, not out of neglect, but to display God’s greater plan and bring about deeper faith.
Faith Requires Trust Beyond Understanding – The disciples and Lazarus’ family struggled to comprehend Jesus’ actions, but He was leading them toward greater belief in Him.
Jesus Has Power Over Life and Death – By saying He will "awaken" Lazarus, Jesus foreshadows His own resurrection power, proving He is the source of eternal life.

This passage sets the stage for one of Jesus’ greatest miracles, challenging His followers to trust in His authority, wisdom, and divine purpose.

Key Theme Two: I Am the Resurrection and the Life (John 11:17-27)

1. The Scene at Bethany (John 11:17-19)

By the time Jesus arrives, Lazarus has been dead for four days (John 11:17). This is significant because:
- Jewish tradition held that the soul lingered near the body for three days, but by the fourth day, death was seen as final.
- The decomposition process would have begun, emphasizing that Lazarus was truly dead.
Many mourners had come to console Mary and Martha (John 11:19), highlighting that this was a well-known and tragic loss.

2. Martha’s Faith and Jesus’ Response (John 11:20-26)

Martha Meets Jesus (John 11:20-22)
- Upon hearing that Jesus is near, Martha runs to meet Him while Mary stays home.
- Her words reveal both grief and faith: “Lord, if you had been here, my brother would not have died” (John 11:21).
- Yet, she also expresses hope: “But even now I know that whatever you ask from God, God will give you” (John 11:22).
Jesus’ Declaration (John 11:23-26)
- Jesus tells Martha, “Your brother will rise again” (John 11:23).
- Martha assumes He means the final resurrection at the end of time (John 11:24), which was a common Jewish belief.
- Jesus shifts her focus to Himself:
  - “I am the resurrection and the life. Whoever believes in me, though he die, yet shall he live, and everyone who lives and believes in me shall never die.” (John 11:25-26)
  - This is the fifth "I Am" statement in John's Gospel, affirming:

Resurrection is not just an event but a person—Jesus Himself.
Eternal life begins now through faith in Him, not just at the final resurrection.

3. Martha’s Confession of Faith (John 11:27)

Martha responds with a powerful declaration of faith:
- “Yes, Lord; I believe that you are the Christ, the Son of God, who is coming into the world.”
- This echoes Peter’s confession in Matthew 16:16 and affirms:
  - Jesus is the Messiah (Christ).
  - He is the Son of God (divine authority).
  - He is the One sent by God to save the world.

Key Takeaways

Jesus is the Source of Life – Resurrection and eternal life are found only in Him, not just as a future hope but as a present reality.
Faith in Christ Conquers Death – Physical death is not the end for believers; eternal life begins through faith in Jesus.
A Personal Response to Jesus is Needed – Martha's confession models how we, too, must acknowledge Jesus as our personal Savior and Lord.

This passage reveals Jesus' ultimate authority over life and death, setting the stage for the miracle to come.

Key Theme Three: Jesus Weeps (John 11:28-37)

This passage provides one of the most powerful glimpses into Jesus’ humanity and compassion, showing that He is not only the Son of God but also deeply moved by human suffering.

1. Mary Comes to Jesus (John 11:28-32)

After her conversation with Jesus, Martha secretly tells Mary that Jesus is calling for her (John 11:28).
Mary quickly rises and goes to Jesus (John 11:29), followed by the mourners, who think she is going to the tomb (John 11:31).
Like Martha, Mary expresses her grief: “Lord, if you had been here, my brother would not have died” (John 11:32).
- This shows that both sisters believed in Jesus’ power to heal, but they may not have yet grasped His full authority over death itself.

2. Jesus’ Deep Emotion (John 11:33-35)

Seeing Mary and the mourners weeping, Jesus is deeply moved (John 11:33).
- The Greek word used (ἐνεβριμήσατο, enebrimēsato) suggests a strong emotional response, possibly anger at death and its effects on humanity.
- This reveals that Jesus is not indifferent to suffering—He feels the pain of loss just as we do.
Jesus weeps (John 11:35), the shortest verse in the Bible, but one of the most profound.
- His tears show His love for Lazarus, as well as His compassion for Mary, Martha, and all who mourn.
- He does not weep because He is powerless—He knows He will raise Lazarus—but because He shares in human sorrow.

3. The People’s Mixed Reactions (John 11:36-37)

Some recognize Jesus’ love: “See how he loved him!” (John 11:36).
Others express doubt: “Could not he who opened the eyes of the blind man also have kept this man from dying?” (John 11:37).
- This echoes the common struggle of faith—why doesn’t God always prevent suffering?
- It also foreshadows Jesus’ greater miracle, proving that He is not just a healer but the Lord over life and death.

Key Takeaways

Jesus Understands and Shares in Our Grief – His tears show that God is not distant from our suffering but deeply compassionate.
God’s Love and Power Work Together – Jesus’ love is real, but His power goes beyond sympathy—He acts to bring life.
Faith is Tested in Times of Loss – Some believed in Jesus’ love, others doubted His power. This moment prepares us to trust Him even when we do not understand.

This passage sets up the dramatic climax—the raising of Lazarus—where Jesus will prove that His power over death is absolute.

Key Theme Four: Jesus Raises Lazarus (John 11:38-44)

This passage is the climax of John 11, where Jesus demonstrates His power over death, foreshadowing His own resurrection and offering a glimpse of the eternal life He brings to those who believe in Him.

1. Jesus Approaches the Tomb (John 11:38-39)

Jesus is deeply moved again (John 11:38), showing His continued emotional engagement in this moment.
- The Greek word ἐμβριμᾶσθαι (enebrimasato) suggests a mix of grief, righteous anger, and determination against death itself.
The tomb is a cave with a stone covering it (John 11:38), similar to Jesus' own tomb.
Jesus commands: “Take away the stone.”
- Martha objects, saying: “Lord, by this time there will be an odor, for he has been dead four days.” (John 11:39).
- This emphasizes that Lazarus was truly dead, beyond any natural hope of recovery.
- The "four days" may also counter a Jewish belief that the soul lingered near the body for three days before departing completely.

2. Jesus Prays to the Father (John 11:40-42)

Jesus reminds Martha: “Did I not tell you that if you believed you would see the glory of God?” (John 11:40).
- He is about to reveal God’s glory by showing His power over death.
Jesus lifts His eyes and prays (John 11:41-42).
- He thanks the Father before the miracle happens, demonstrating His absolute confidence in God’s will.
- He prays publicly so that those watching might believe that He was sent by the Father.

3. Lazarus Comes Forth (John 11:43-44)

Jesus cries out with a loud voice: “Lazarus, come out!” (John 11:43).
- His divine authority is on full display—His word alone brings life.
- Some early church fathers noted that Jesus called Lazarus by name, otherwise all the dead might have risen at His command!
Lazarus emerges, still bound in grave clothes (John 11:44).
- This contrasts with Jesus’ resurrection—when He rises, His grave clothes are left behind (John 20:6-7), symbolizing a complete victory over death.
- Jesus commands: “Unbind him, and let him go.”
- This symbolizes how Jesus sets people free from the power of death and sin.

Key Takeaways

Jesus Has Power Over Death – This miracle proves He is the Resurrection and the Life, confirming His divine identity.
Faith Precedes Miracles – Martha had to trust Jesus even when reality seemed hopeless. Faith opens the way for God’s glory to be revealed.
Jesus Calls Us to New Life – Lazarus' resurrection symbolizes how Jesus calls sinners out of spiritual death into eternal life.
Jesus’ Victory Over Death is Complete – Lazarus was raised but would die again; Jesus' resurrection would be eternal.

This event was a turning point—many believed in Jesus, but others began plotting His death (John 11:45-53). Jesus’ own resurrection was coming, but first, His greatest trial awaited.

The Plot to Kill Jesus (John 11:45-57)

1. Divided Reactions to the Miracle (John 11:45-46)

Some believe in Jesus (John 11:45):
- Many witnesses recognize Jesus’ divine power and believe He is the Messiah.
Others report Him to the Pharisees (John 11:46):
- Instead of faith, some respond with fear and hostility, informing the religious leaders.

This division reflects what Jesus had said earlier: "I have not come to bring peace, but a sword" (Matthew 10:34). His miracles force people to choose faith or rejection.

2. The Sanhedrin’s Fear and Political Concerns (John 11:47-50)

The chief priests and Pharisees convene a council (Sanhedrin).
- They acknowledge Jesus is performing many signs, yet refuse to believe.
- Their main concern is not truth, but power—they fear losing control over the people.
Their fear:
- "If we let Him go on like this, everyone will believe in Him" (John 11:48).
- They worry the Romans will intervene, taking away their temple and nation.
- Instead of seeing Jesus as their long-awaited Messiah, they see Him as a political threat.

3. Caiaphas’ Prophetic Statement (John 11:49-53)

Caiaphas, the high priest, speaks politically but unintentionally prophesies:
- “It is better for you that one man should die for the people, not that the whole nation should perish.” (John 11:50)
Irony of his words:
- He means Jesus should die to protect Jewish political stability.
- But God’s plan was that Jesus would die for the sins of the world.
John’s commentary (John 11:51-52):
- Caiaphas unknowingly prophesies that Jesus will die for the Jewish nation and all of God’s children (Gentiles too).
- This is a foreshadowing of Jesus’ atoning sacrifice.

4. The Decision to Kill Jesus (John 11:53-57)

From this moment, the Jewish leaders actively plan to kill Jesus (John 11:53).
Jesus withdraws to Ephraim (John 11:54), avoiding an immediate confrontation.
Passover approaches (John 11:55-56), and people wonder: Will Jesus come?
The leaders issue a public order for Jesus' arrest (John 11:57).

This marks a turning point—Jesus' death is now a certainty in the minds of His enemies. But unknowingly, they are fulfilling God’s sovereign plan for salvation (Acts 2:23).

Key Takeaways

Miracles Require a Response – Some believed, others rejected Jesus. His works demanded a decision.
Fear Can Blind Us to Truth – The religious leaders prioritized power and politics over recognizing the Messiah.
God Uses Even His Enemies to Accomplish His Will – Caiaphas meant to destroy Jesus, but his words pointed to God’s plan of redemption.
Jesus’ Death Was No Accident – It was part of God's sovereign plan to save the world.

This passage sets the stage for Jesus’ final days before the Passion Week, where He will willingly go to the cross to fulfill His mission.

Conclusion to John 11

John 11 is a pivotal chapter in the Gospel of John, showcasing both Jesus’ power over death and the growing opposition against Him. The raising of Lazarus is the climactic miracle of Jesus’ public ministry, demonstrating His divine authority and foreshadowing His own resurrection. However, this miraculous sign also intensifies the religious leaders' resolve to kill Him.

Key Themes & Takeaways

Jesus’ Authority Over Life and Death

By raising Lazarus, Jesus proves He is not just a teacher or prophet but "the Resurrection and the Life" (John 11:25).
This miracle prefigures His own resurrection, showing that death is not the final word for those who believe in Him.

The Humanity of Jesus

Jesus Weeps (John 11:35) – The shortest verse in the Bible reveals Jesus’ deep compassion.
He experiences grief and sorrow, showing that He understands our suffering.

Faith vs. Unbelief

Many who witness the miracle believe in Jesus, while others report Him to the Pharisees (John 11:45-46).
This contrast reflects the division Jesus brings—people must choose between faith in Him or rejection.

The Religious Leaders’ Plot to Kill Jesus

The Sanhedrin, fearing Roman intervention, decide that Jesus must die (John 11:47-53).
Ironically, their plan aligns with God’s sovereign purpose—Jesus will indeed die, but not as a political sacrifice; He will die for the sins of the world.

God’s Sovereign Plan is Unfolding

Caiaphas unknowingly prophesies the necessity of Jesus’ death for the salvation of both Jews and Gentiles (John 11:50-52).
The chapter sets the stage for Jesus’ final journey to Jerusalem, where His mission will be completed through His death and resurrection.

Looking Ahead to John 12

John 11 transitions into Jesus' final week before His crucifixion. The next chapter (John 12) will focus on:

Mary anointing Jesus for burial.
The triumphal entry into Jerusalem (Palm Sunday).
Jesus predicting His death.

John 11 shows that faith in Jesus leads to eternal life, but also that opposition to Him leads to hardened hearts. The question remains: Will we trust in Jesus as the Resurrection and the Life?

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